The security and defence sector relies heavily on advanced technologies, systems, and innovations that drive national security efforts. Now it is smart to talk about technological mobilization rather than people mobilization. As technology rapidly evolves, the protection of intellectual property (IP) becomes critical in safeguarding sensitive inventions, designs, and developments from unauthorized use.

This article outlines key considerations in protecting IP in this vital sector, the necessity of having a strategy, the challenges faced, and the role of the state in IP protection.

IP in the defence sector can encompass a wide array of assets, including patented technologies, software code, and trade secrets related to military equipment, communications, and cybersecurity. However traditional IP objects, such as trademarks, designs, domain names cannot be left aside. One can be surprised how much IP there is in an equipment of the modern soldier. Thus, a key starting point for any organization is identifying which of its assets are eligible for IP protection and which ones are not.

Many defence technologies, such as missile guidance systems, encryption algorithms, and AI-driven surveillance systems, are highly complex and involves the IP rights owned by a number of holders. Proper balance and safeguarding of these rights is essential for collaboration.

Trade secrets play a critical role in this sector. For certain technologies that cannot be adequately protected by patents or for the content that the holder does not want to be disclosed, trade secret laws offer an alternative. However, ensuring that employees and contractors maintain confidentiality through non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) is essential to secure innovations.

Also, it is very important to decide the territory where your IP should be protected and then understand the differences of protection of the industry‘s IP objects in each of these countries.

These principles should be incorporated into the IP strategy tailored to the security and defence sector – it is crucial to prevent unauthorized usage and to commercialize innovations safely.

Your IP strategy should encompass the following:

Identification of key IP objects: Recognize and classify objects based on their importance, usability, commercialization and protection status.

Identifying the owner of these IP objects: make sure that agreements on transfer of IP rights to the company are in place.

Risk mitigation: Determine the potential threats posed by competitors, adversaries, or cyberattacks. Clear strategies are required to mitigate these risks through patents, trademarks, or trade secret laws.

International scope: Ensure that protection, if required, is extended to jurisdictions beyond domestic borders to cover international collaborations and markets.

Monitoring and enforcement: A proactive approach should be adopted to monitor unauthorized use and pursue legal actions where necessary.

Means of commercialization: decision whether the IP objects will be used sole by your company or also by the third parties is important to put the final dots in your strategy.

While preparing the strategy certain challenges in IP protection in the security and defence sector should be considered:

1. National security vs. Public disclosure: Patent filings require public disclosure of detailed information, which may expose sensitive technologies to adversaries. Striking a balance between protection and security can be tricky.
2. Rapid technological evolution: Defence technologies evolve rapidly, meaning by the time a patent is granted, the technology may already be obsolete.
3. Legal restrictions on protection: Certain objects and innovations, such as methods of warfare or government-related data, cannot be patented due to public policy restrictions under IP law.
4. Cross-border and inter parties cooperation: Collaborations between nations and companies introduce challenges in maintaining confidentiality and navigating differences in IP rights and laws.

Governments play a vital role in protecting IP within the security and defence sector. States often impose restrictions on the sharing or commercialization of defence-related technologies to prevent leakage to foreign adversaries.

Additionally, the state can issue compulsory licenses for defence-related patents. Under these licenses, the government is permitted to use patented technology without the consent of the patent holder for reasons of national security or in the public interest. While this option protects national interests, it can pose challenges for IP holders expecting exclusive rights to their innovations.

Five suggestions for IP protection in the security and defence sector:

1. Make a good IP strategy: it will serve as the basis for further protection of your IP assets.
2. Develop a comprehensive IP audit: Conduct regular audits to ensure all IP assets are identified and protected across jurisdictions. Include legal counsel and experts in both IP and defence to assess vulnerabilities.
3. Balance secrecy and patents: Determine when to patent and when to rely on trade secrets, particularly for innovations that may compromise national security if made public.
4. Make sure your company owns the IP rights: sign the proper contracts for the transfer of IP rights with your employees and service providers.
5. Monitor the competitors and emerging technologies: Stay ahead of technological trends and potential changes in IP law to ensure new developments are promptly protected as well as safely cooperate with your competitors in development of different objects.

If you have more questions, please contact us: vilija.viesunaite@trinitijurex.lt